Pyrope-Almandine Garnet in Sapphire Host
The Bangkok laboratory recently identified a pyrope-almandine garnet in a sapphire host.

A Decade of Ruby from Mozambique: A Review (英语)
Reviews the mining history, market impact, and properties of ruby from northern Mozambique near Montepuez, now the world’s most productive source.

Madagascar Sapphire: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments
Shows how the color of Madagascar sapphire is lightened with heating to relatively low temperatures below 1350°C.

A Pearl Identification Challenge
Two pearls presented a unique challenge, as testing at three different gemological laboratories could not conclusively identify them as natural or cultured, determine a freshwater or saltwater growth environment, or specify the producing mollusk.

Kimberlites: Earth’s Diamond Delivery System
Examines the basic characteristics of kimberlites and their relationship with diamonds.

Inclusions in Natural, Treated, Synthetic, and Imitation Opal
Provides a visual guide to the internal features of natural, treated, synthetic, and imitation opal.

Black Nephrite Jade from Guangxi, Southern China
Characterizes black nephrite from a deposit in the Guangxi region that appears to be part of a large-scale jade formation belt in southern China.

Evidence of Rotation in Flame-Structure Pearls from Bivalves of the Tridacnidae Family
A study of these pearls to characterize their distinctive flame structure and examine the possibility of rotation during their formation or growth.

The Effect of Low-Temperature Heat Treatment on Pink Sapphire
Twelve pink sapphires undergo low-temperature heat treatment and reveal a correlation with the 3232 cm-1 FTIR peak.

Gemological and Chemical Characteristics of Natural Freshwater Pearls from the Mississippi River System
GIA had the unique opportunity to study the gemological and chemical characteristics of 854 natural freshwater pearls from the Mississippi River system.

A Special Type of Trapiche Quartz
Three incomplete trapiche quartz make up this interesting sample.

Tagua Nut as a Sustainable Botanical Alternative for Ivory
Jewelry designer Alexandra Mor uses sustainable alternatives for elephant ivory.

Gem Art of the Taj Mahal, Fancy White and Black Diamonds, and Unique Inclusions in Thai Corundum
An overview of the Fall 2019 Gems & Gemology content.

Dive Into Summer: Mozambique Ruby, Madagascar Sapphire, and Black Nephrite from China, Plus an Opal Inclusions Chart
An overview of the Summer 2019 Gems & Gemology content.

Euhedral Phantom Sapphire in Sapphire
A phantom sapphire crystal within a host sapphire crystal was recently examined at GIA’s Carlsbad laboratory.






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